St Cuthbert’s Cave

Northumberland may be known for its castles and coastlines, but spend a little time with your eyes open and you’ll soon realise: this county is teeming with wildlife. From puffins in the sea spray to red squirrels in the treetops, Northumberland is one of the UK’s richest regions for wildlife — and you don’t need to be a seasoned naturalist to enjoy it.

Northumberland, often called “castle country,” boasts more castles than any other county in England. With over 70 castle sites—many still standing proudly, others now hauntingly beautiful ruins—this northern land is steeped in stone, legend, and legacy. But why does this peaceful corner of the country have such a turbulent and fortified past?